Given below are two statements:
Statement I: 
substitutions are stereospecific; at a chiral centre they proceed with Walden inversion, giving a single stereoisomer.
Statement II: 
substitutions typically form a planar carbocation intermediate and therefore give products as racemic mixtures.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Text Solution
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2: backside attack → Walden inversion at chiral center → single enantiomer.
1: planar carbocation intermediate → nucleophile attacks from both faces → racemization (often partial), giving racemic mixture.
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